Atomic and nuclear Physics. Nuclear fuel cycle. Harnessing nuclear energy. Reactors: Components- Moderator, coolant, control rods, shields; Types- Boiling water reactor (BWR), pressurized water reactions (PWR), High- Temperature Gas cooled Reactor (HTGR), Heavy-Water Reactor (HWR), CANDU, Breeder reactors; Pebble Bed Modular Reactor(PMBR); performance characteristics; reactor control. Nuclear Safety: Interaction of radiation with matter; Pollutants and hazards from nuclear energy generation; radioactive emissions from power plants, radioactive waste management, waste heat; safety. Nuclear energy necessity, economics, and programme development.