Fundamentals of solar radiation: solar radiation trigonometry, seasonal variation, solar measurements, solar collector principles and practices, Solar thermal: water heating systems, solar ponds, solar power plants, solar drying. Solar concentrators: Principles of design and operation of solar concentrator, solar cookers. Solar Architectural designs: Passive heating, glazing materials, insulation materials. Solar Electricity and characteristics of photovoltaic cells (PVs). Physics and design of PV cells: Multilayer cells: photovoltaic systems and collectors, Solar energy farms. Future prospects: Solar process economics. Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion (OTEC) using temperature difference between the surface and the depths of ocean water masses, Environmental impacts.