Elements of planning: Planning period, planning errors, data and dealing with uncertainties. Tariffs and pricing. Energy investment planning. Systems Analysis: Econometric models; the optimization approach; graphical; analytical methods; simulation models; inquiry methods. Evaluation and Assessment of Planning Methods; Energy conversion and the environment: Externalities; benefit-cost analysis; environmental standards; environmental costs. Economic and cost analysis; Energy investment decision making. Rural Energy Supply planning: Demand estimation, load curves and load factors; grid extension, isolated power sources; ownership, management, standards and marketing; technical evaluation and developmental impact.