The wave equation and properties: The wave equation and its solutions, Properties of waves, Wave front. The electromagnetic spectrum, Light sources (thermionic and atomic).Characteristics of Light: Polarisation, Polarises,Coherence, Coherence length interference. Atomic theory of the refractive index: Maxwell's equations in matter - Polarisation of matter, Absorption and Dispersion functions. Geometrical Optics:Reflection and transmission angles and coefficients, Brewster Angle. Principle of ray tracing, Illustrations. Diffraction: General Kirchhoff - Sommerfield theory, Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations and their application in slit and edge diffraction patterns. Lasers: Einstein's constants, Spontaneous and stimulated emissions, Laser principle, Properties of laser light and their applications.