Fundamental and derived quantities: Precision measurement of fundamental quantities; measurement of errors: relative, systematic and random; methods of measurements, display and recording of measurements ( analogue and digital). Ammeters, voltmeters, Ohmmeter, bridge; measurement of charge, direct current and alternating current, potentiometer, cathode ray oscilloscope, recording potentiometer, power and energy measurements; Vacuum techniques; resistive transducers; strain gauges, temperature and humidity measurements; Pirani gauge voltage transducers: Thermopile, PH measurement; capacitive and inductive radiation transducers, photo tubes, photo diodes and transistors, photoconductivity cells. G-M tubes, scintillation counters; power supply signal generators, temperature control. Optical measuring instruments; Brief survey of modern instruments. Infra-red Spectrophotometer, u-v visible spectrophotometers, NMR Spectrometer, Mass spectrometer, Atomic absorption spectroscopy.