Concept and scope: Environmental segments; Natural Cycles of The Environment (N, O, P, S); Atmosphere: composition, structure particulate ions and radicals; Chemical and photochemical reactions (O3, and Nx); photochemical smog, Greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases and climate change; El Niño phenomenon and Southern Oscillation; Ozonolysis; State of the environment: populations and health, water and water quality parameters; air quality and atmospheric pollutants, species at risk and transport; Natural chemical processes that transform chemicals in the environment (photolysis, oxidation –reduction, chemical weathering etc.); Sources of soil pollution; Effects of soil pollution – Effects of modern agricultural practices, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, industrial effluents, and urban solid wastes; Landfills; Control of soil pollution. Practical and field/industrial visits.
- editing-lecturer: James Ndiritu