Infrared spectroscopy; review of infrared process; Sampling techniques and instrument design: interpretation of some simple IR spectra of organic molecules. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: Fundamental electronic transitions; position of chromophores of some simple organic molecules; bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts; Calculation of λmax for conjugated dienes and dienones; quantitative analysis by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance: a description for the nuclear process in connection with H; chemical shifts and coupling constant; temperature dependent NMR spectra; shift reagents, 13C-NMR; the interpretation of NMR spectra. Mass spectrometry: a description of the equipment; sampling techniques; the molecular ion; satellite peaks; high resolution and fragmentation patterns; meta stable peaks and their use in structure elucidation. (Instrumentation to be undertaken in various institutions)