Atoms: Masses of atoms; relative atomic masses; formulae of compounds formed by atoms; Molecular masses; the mole; solutions formed by compounds; concentration of solutions; Molarity. Redox reactions: transfer of electrons; types of redox reactions; oxidation numbers. Electronic structure; evidence for the electronic structures of atoms; Electromagnetic radiation; interaction with electrons; atomic spectra of hydrogen atom; electrons and orbitals; electronic structures and periodic table. Periodic properties: s and p block elements, d-block (transition) series; non-metals; transition metals, Nuclear structure and reactivity: stable and unstable isotopes; nuclear equations; chain nuclear reactions; atomic bombs; use of radioisotopes and application of radioactivity. Introduction to organic molecules: their structure, nomenclature, classification and general properties; Basic reactions of aliphatic compounds: alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; Basic reactions of the benzene ring.